What Is a PCV Licence?

If you want to drive a minibus, bus or coach professionally in the UK, you’ll need a PCV (Passenger Carrying Vehicle) licence. A PCV licence proves you’re qualified to carry passengers safely and legally, and it opens the door to careers with bus and coach operators, schools, charities, and private hire firms. At L&T Transport, we deliver Category D and D1 training to help you get there confidently.

What vehicles does a PCV licence cover?

“PCV” is the umbrella term for passenger vehicles. The licence comes in categories based on size and seating:

D1 (minibus): Up to 16 passenger seats, maximum length 8 metres; trailer up to 750 kg. Ideal for school or community transport.
D1+E: A D1 minibus towing a trailer over 750 kg (subject to weight limits for the vehicle and trailer).
D (bus/coach): Any bus with more than 8 passenger seats. Trailer up to 750 kg.
D+E: A Category D vehicle towing a trailer over 750 kg.

Who needs one?

If you intend to carry passengers for hire or reward (as part of your job), you’ll need the correct PCV entitlement for the vehicle you’ll be driving (D1 for minibuses, D for full-size buses/coaches). There are limited exemptions for certain community operations, but most paid roles require the full entitlement.

Basic eligibility

To start PCV training with L&T you must:

Be at least 18; and
Hold a full UK car licence.

Step-by-step: how to get a PCV licence

Get your provisional PCV entitlement
Apply to DVLA for provisional PCV (bus) entitlement by submitting the D2 application and D4 medical forms. The D4 must be completed by a doctor. L&T’s Starter Package can help you arrange the medical and paperwork so you can begin training without delay.
Pass the Driver CPC tests (if you’ll be driving professionally)
Professional bus and coach drivers need the Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (Driver CPC). When qualifying for the first time, the full Driver CPC typically includes five parts:
- Part 1: Theory (multiple-choice and hazard perception)
- Part 2: Case studies (CPC Module 2)
- Part 3a: Off-road manoeuvres
- Part 3b: On-road driving test
- Part 4: Practical demonstration (vehicle safety)
You must pass Part 2 before you can book Part 4. L&T supports you through the Initial CPC with study resources and guidance, and Module 4 practical demonstrations are conducted at the training centre by a DVSA examiner or an approved assessor.
Practical driver training
You’ll train on dedicated PCV vehicles with qualified instructors to prepare for your off-road and on-road tests. L&T specialises in PCV training and provides the vehicles and facilities you need.
Get your Driver Qualification Card (DQC)
Once you’ve passed the Initial Driver CPC (Modules 2 and 4) alongside your theory and practical tests, you’ll receive a Driver Qualification Card. To stay qualified, you must complete 35 hours of periodic CPC training every 5 years.

PCV categories in more detail

D1 (Minibus) – For 9–16 passengers and up to 8 m in length; small trailer permitted. Common for schools, charities and community transport.

D (Bus/Coach) – For larger passenger vehicles (over 8 seats). Typical for local bus routes, intercity coaches and tours.

If you’ll routinely tow heavier equipment (for example, a luggage trailer), you’ll need the +E versions (D1+E or D+E).

PCV vs “PSV” – what’s the difference?

You may still hear “PSV” (Public Service Vehicle) used informally. In modern licensing terms, PCV is the correct entitlement for passenger-carrying vehicles. Training providers and the DVSA use the PCV categories listed above.

What about driving a minibus on a car licence?

There are some situations where you can drive a minibus without full D1 entitlement (for example, certain community or permit operations). However, most paid roles and many organisations will require the formal D1 or D entitlement. If in doubt, check the official guidance or speak to L&T for advice.

Why train with L&T Transport?

End-to-end support: from your medical and provisional application to Module 2 study and Module 4 practical demonstrations on site.
PCV-ready fleet and facilities: train on appropriate vehicles with experienced instructors.
Category D & D1 expertise: tailored pathways for bus/coach and minibus careers.

Quick FAQs

How old do I need to be?
At least 18 for D or D1 training with L&T (other DVSA rules or exceptions may apply).

Do I need a medical?
Yes. You’ll submit a D4 medical report with your D2 application for provisional PCV entitlement.

Do I always need Driver CPC?
If you’re driving professionally, yes — you need the full Driver CPC and periodic training every 5 years. Some roles are exempt; check the official list.

Ready to start your PCV journey?

Whether you’re aiming for a D1 minibus role or a full Category D bus/coach job, L&T Transport can map out your route from provisional to test day — and beyond. Get in touch to plan your training and next steps.